Abstract

This paper reviews bioreactor designs and their use for protein production under solid state fermentation (SSF) conditions using various agricultural by-products. The advantages and disadvantages of various bioreactors and their potential for scale-up are described. SSF is proposed as a suitable low-tech strategy for protein enrichment for animal feed by converting a previously low value substance into a more nutritionally valuable one. The use of various substrates and microorganisms for protein enrichment are also listed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.