Abstract

Suicidal behaviors remain prevalent globally; however, rates of suicide for those with substance abuse are in excess of those in the general population. This chapter presents epidemiological evidence for the link between suicide and substance use, abuse and dependence including polydrug use with a particular focus on the US and European trends. Risk factors presented include both distal and proximal associates with substance abuse, spanning demographic, psychosocial, psychiatric and situational factors. Given the complex interplay of substance use, abuse and dependence with these risk factors, prevention efforts to prevent substance use behaviors may play a key role in reducing rates.